A stock is an emission security that certifies its holder's share in the charter capital of a joint-stock company. The stock owner receives three groups of rights: the right to a share of profits as dividends, voting rights at the general shareholders' meeting, and the right to a share of assets upon company liquidation.
Common and preferred stocks are distinguished. Common stocks grant voting rights, but dividends are not guaranteed and depend on the general meeting's decision. Preferred stocks typically do not grant voting rights, but provide a fixed or minimum dividend size, which is paid first.
In Uzbekistan, stocks are traded on the Republican Stock Exchange "Tashkent". Companies must disclose essential information about issuers—financial statements, dividend decisions, material facts—on a unified information platform. Stock ownership records are maintained in dematerialized form through a depository, meaning investors do not receive paper certificates.